Some Normal Values:
PaO2 = 75 mmHg (in an older person)
= 95 - 100 mm Hg in someone our age
PaCO2 = 35 – 45 mmHg
pH = 7.35 - 7.45
A-a Gradient = up to 20 (for someone our age)
= 28 - 29 for the social security collecting crowd
*ball park estimates…0.27 x age [upright], 0.42 x age [supine]
Acid-Base
o Last piece of blood gas assessment on arterial blood gases
o will be covered in more detail in the renal lectures
H+ + A- € HA
HCl + A- € HA + Cl- (weaker acid + salt)
H+ + HCO3- € H2CO3 ý CO2 + H2O
CA
o Carbonic acid system is the major acid base system in the body
o H+ is the strong acid, HCO3- is the conjugate base ý forms a weak acid H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
- this reaction is assisted by carbonic anhydrase (CA) which favors the reaction to the right